enterprises that operate at a loss
扭亏为赢（盈）
turn losses into profits
减员增效
increase efficiency by downsizing (reducing/cutting) the staff
增强竞争力
enhance (increase, sharpen) the competitiveness (the competitive ability)
放开粮食价格
to free (liberalize, decontrol, life the control over) the grain prices
从事个体和私人经济
become self-employed or work in the private sectors of the economy
个体户
self-employed households/people
个体工商业者
individual industrialists and businessmen
私人企业
private enterprises (companies, firms, businesses)
外资企业
foreign-invested (foreign-funded, foreign-financed, foreign-owned) enterprises
外商独资企业
wholly (solely) foreign-owned enterprises
中外合资企业100强
the top 100 Sino-foreign (Chinese-foreign) joint ventures
摩托罗拉是一个跨国公司
Motorola is a transnational corporation (a transnational, a multinational corporation,
a multinational).
有限责任公司
limited-liability companies
母公司/子公司/分公司/办事处
the parent company/subsidiary/branch/representative office
全面投产（开工）
go into (enter) full operation; be fully operational
获薄利
earn (make) narrow profits
获厚利
earn (make, reap) substantial profits
产量比1997年增长了2倍
The output has increased 3 times (registered a 3-fold increase; increased 200%)
compared with 1997.
总产值创历史最高记录
Total output value hit a record high (an all-time high).
生活/物价指数
the cost of living index/the price index
扣除通货膨胀因素后的人均实际年收入
the annual per-capita income in real terms (allowing for inflation)
连续五年丰收
bumper harvests for five consecutive years (for five years in a row; for five
years running; for five years on end; for the fifth consecutive year)
名牌产品
famous-brand products, brand-named products
精品
top quality articles
拳头产品
competitive products/ flagship products
创汇产品
foreign exchange (hard-currency ) earning exports
畅销货
marketable products; products with a good market; commodities in short
supply; goods in great demand
滞销货
unmarketable (unsalable, poor-selling) products
发优惠券以促销
issue discount shopping coupons to promote sales
有高附加值的高新技术产品
high and new technology products with high added value
售后服务
after-sale services
基础设施工程第一期
the first phase (stage) of the infrastructure project
两位数的增长率
two-digit growth
金融机构
financial institutions
商业银行
commercial banks
发行股票、债券
issue shares and bonds
融资
financing fund-raising
增加财政收入
increase the State tax revenue (fiscal revenue)
缺少流动资金
a shortage of circulating funds (floating capital)
东南亚金融危机
the southeast Asian financial crisis (turmoil)
人民币对美元汇率稳定
the stability of the RMB exchange rate against the USD
人民币贬值的压力
the depreciation (devaluation) pressure on the RMB
最终将实现人民币自由兑换
The free convertibility of the RMB will eventually be instituted. (The RMB will finally become a convertible currency.)
与美元联系汇率制
the system of pegging the currency to the USD
美元对日圆稳步升值
The USD appreciated steadily against the Japanese yen.
呆帐与坏帐
stagnant debts and bad debts; non-performing funds
欧元/欧元区
the Euro/Euroland
依法收税
levy taxes according to law
加强税收政策
tighten tax collection
增值税
the value-added tax (VAT)
个人所得税
individual income tax
出口退税
refunding export taxes
保护性关税
protective tariffs
反倾销
anti-dumping
补贴与反补贴措施
subsidies and countervailing measures
上海证券交易所
the Shanghai Securities Exchange
股市指数
the stock market (exchange) indexes
股票热降温了
the stock craze has abated
期货市场/交易
the futures market/ transactions
有价证券投资
portfolio investment
牛市/熊市
a bull/bear market
股票指数突破1,300点大关
The stock index broke the 1,300-point mark.
当日指数以1,120点收盘
The index closed (finished, ended) at 1,120 on that day.
该公司的股票已上市
The stocks of the company have been listed.
( have gone public, have been launched)
拥有至少50%的股份
hold a minimum of 50 percent of the equity
一蹶不振的B股股市
a sluggish B-share market
综合指数停止下滑，上升28点，达到671点
The composite index stopped the declining momentum, gaining 28 points to 671.
道琼斯工业平均指数飙升至9,850点
The Dow Jones industrial average soared to 9,850 points.
（香港）恒生指数宽幅震荡
The Hang Seng Index fluctuated violently.
日经指数跌至今年最低点
The Nikkei Index fell to a record low for the year.
农村/城市信用合作社
rural/ urban credit cooperatives
股民
shareholders; stockholders
国库券
state treasury bonds; treasury bills
市场疲软
a(n) slack (sluggish, inactive, sagging) market
市场火旺
a(n) brisk (flourishing, active) market
买方/卖方市场
the buyer’s /seller’s market
报价
quote a price; give a quotation
招商
invite investment
吸引外资
attract foreign capital; lure overseas funds
投资热点
a popular investment spot; a hot destination for investment;
an investment hot spot
固定资本投资
investment in fixed assets
基础设施和基础工业投资
investment in infrastructure and basic industries
国际游资
hot money from abroad
招标/投标/中标
invite tenders (bids)/ submit a tender/ win(get) the tender
对外资企业有优惠政策
have preferential policies for (give favorable treatment to)
foreign-owned companies
给外国公司国民待遇
grant the national treatment to foreign companies
贸易顺差/贸易逆差
a trade surplus/ deficit
年营业额
the annual business volume (turnover)
贸易伙伴
a trade (trading) partner
进出口许可证制度
the import and export license system
改善出口商品结构
improve the export product mix
美国减少中国纺织品的进口配额
the American reduction in import quota for China’s textiles
出口总额达到150亿美元
the total export volume (value) reached US$ 15 billion
增强市场竞争力
enhance one’s market competitiveness
激烈的竞争
the stiff (intense, fierce, cut-throat, intensifying) competition (rivalry)
双边/多边贸易谈判
bilateral/ multi-lateral trade negotiation
世界贸易自由化
to liberalize world trade
给中国最惠国待遇
give China the MFN (most-favored nation treatment/status)
正常贸易关系
normal trade relations
保税商品/仓库/区
the bonded goods/ warehouses/zone
土地批租
land lease
出口创汇
export for earning foreign exchange
金桥出口加工区
the Jinqiao Export Processing Zone
按揭购房
buy an apartment on a mortgage
商标是我们公司的无形资产
The trademark is our company’s intangible/invisible asset.
外国公司抢注中国名牌
the rush registration by overseas companies of famous Chinese brand names
增加销售网点
increase the sales outlets
独家经销代理
exclusive selling agency
5%的回扣
a 5 percent kickback (sales commission)
直销员
a door-to-door salesman
非法传销
illegal pyramid selling
倒爷
profiteers; speculators
抢购
panic buying
中介人
an intermediary (organ)
展销会
the Exhibition and Fair
展览厅里的800个展台
800 booths in the exhibition hall
反腐败斗争 the fight against corruption; an anti-corruption campaign
推进廉政建设 promote a clean government
根据党纪国法予以惩罚 be punished according to Party discipline and state laws
贪污受贿大案 major graft (embezzlement) and bribery cases
索贿受贿 solicit and accept bribes
权钱交易 strike deals between power and money
偷/逃/骗税 tax dodge/ evasion/ fraud
打击资本外逃和走私 the crackdown on capital flight and smuggling
铲除黄、赌、毒（吸毒和贩毒）等社会恶习
eradicate (wipe out) such social evils as pornography, gambling and drug abuse
and trafficking
扫黄打非 eliminate pornography and other illegal publications
性骚扰 sexual harassment
吸毒者 a drug abuser
戒毒所/班 a drug rehabilitation center/ course
整顿音像工作 straighten out irregularities in the audiovisual industry
没收21,000件盗版激光唱盘、可视激光唱盘、镭射影碟和录像带
confiscate 21,000 CDs (compact disks), VCDs (video compact disks), LDs (laser disks)
and videotapes
侵权的镭射影碟 laser disks that infringed copyright
打击生产和销售伪劣产品等非法活动
crack down on such illegal acts as manufacturing and marketing fake (counterfeit) or
shoddy goods
不准强迫下属单位为自己购买豪华车
be prohibited from forcing the subordinate unit to buy a luxury car for oneself
洗钱 money laundering; laundering transactions
在选举中收买选票 vote-buying at the election
纪律检查委员会 the disciplinary inspection committee
监察机构 a supervisory organ/ department
武警、公安和国家安全部门 armed police and public and state security departments
身穿迷彩装 wear camouflage uniforms
承担法律责任 bear the legal liability (responsibility)
被判六年监禁、剥夺政治权利两年 be sentenced to six years’ imprisonment with deprivation of the political rights for two additional years
头号通缉犯 the most wanted man
他在服刑 He is serving out his sentence.
绝食抗议 go on a hunger strike
保外就医 be released on a bail for medical treatment (on a medical parole)
精神文明建设 (promote) cultural and ethical progress
发扬正气 encourage healthy trends
制止不良倾向 check the unhealthy/evil tendency
形成良好的社会风尚 create a society with high ethical standards; foster healthy social conduct
纠正不正之风 to correct unhealthy practices (tendencies)
向雷锋同志学习 learn from Comrade Lei Feng; emulate Lei Feng; follow his example
他的光辉形象 his brilliant image
表彰见义勇为的英雄人物 commend justice-upholding volunteers(heroes)
/ public security volunteers
立功 render (perform) a meritorious service; do meritorious work
反对拜金主义和极端个人主义 combat money worship and extreme individualism (egoism)
制止公款吃喝 curb dining and wining at public expense (by using public funds)
盲目崇拜流行歌星 a blind worship of pop stars
傍大款 flirt with a tycoon; lure a magnate into becoming her husband
三陪女 a bargirl; a “three-service” girl who keeps a client company in eating, drinking and singing
她爱滋病病毒测试呈阳性 She tested positive for HIV.
他携带爱滋病病毒 He carries the AIDS virus (is infected with the AIDS virus)
公安人员在火车站抓获了十余名票贩子
Public security men seized a dozen scalpers (ticket speculators) at the railway station.
伪造证件/文凭 forge certificates/ diplomas
开展全民健身运动 launch a nationwide physical fitness campaign; carry out physical fitness programs involving all our people
健身运动；健美 body-building exercises; fitness exercises
健美娱乐中心 a body-building and recreational center