U.S. Department of Energy
Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
美国能源部
能源效能和可再生能源
 Inl/ext-06-011309

U.S. Department of Energy
FreedomCAR & Vehicle Technologies Program
美国能源部
电动车FreedomCAR协作以及车辆技术计划

Guidelines for the Establishment of a Model
Neighborhood Electric Vehicle (NEV) Fleet 
建立一支示范“邻里电动车”（简称NEV）车队的准则

Roberta Brayer罗伯塔.布雷亚
Donald Karner  唐纳德. 卡纳
Kevin Morrow凯文.莫罗
James Francfort詹姆斯.弗兰克福德
 
June 2006  2006年6月
Idaho National Laboratory
Operated by Battelle Energy Alliance
爱达荷国家实验室
由巴特尔能源联盟进行经营

ABSTRACT
The U.S. Department of Energy’s Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity tests
neighborhood electric vehicles (NEVs) in both track and fleet testing environments.
NEVs, which are also known as low speed vehicles, are light-duty vehicles with top
speeds of between 20 and 25 mph, and total gross vehicle weights of approximately
2,000 pounds or less. NEVs have been found to be very viable alternatives to internal
combustion engine vehicles based on their low operating costs. However, special
charging infrastructure is usually necessary for successful NEV fleet deployment.
Maintenance requirements are also unique to NEVs, especially if flooded lead acid
batteries are used as they have watering requirements that require training, personnel
protection equipment, and adherence to maintenance schedules.
This report provides guidelines for fleet managers to follow in order to
successfully introduce and operate NEVs in fleet environments. This report is based
on the NEV testing and operational experience of personnel from the Advanced
Vehicle Testing Activity, Electric Transportation Applications, and the Idaho
National Laboratory.
概况
美国能源部的先进车辆测试活动规划在道路以及车队测试环境下对邻里电动车（NEVs）进行了测试。
邻里电动车也叫低速车，是轻型车辆，最高时速在20～25英里，车辆的总重约为2000磅或者更轻。
基于邻里电动车的低运营成本，它们被看作是内燃机汽车的可行性很好的替代品。但是邻里电动车车
队的成功部署通常需要特殊的充电设施。邻里电动车的维护要求也是独特的，特别是如果富液式铅酸
电池被使用，就有用水要求，这就要求培训，个人保护设备以及遵守保养时间表。
本报告为车队经理提供了成功引入并在车队环境中运行邻里电动车需要遵循的指导方针。本报告基于
来自先进车辆测试活动规划，电力交通应用公司以及爱达荷国家实验室的人员的邻里电动车测试和作业经验。

Guidelines for the Establishment of a Model
Neighborhood Electric Vehicle (NEV) Fleet
1. INTRODUCTION
The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE) Advanced Vehicle Testing Activity (AVTA) conducts
neighborhood electric vehicle (NEV) testing to support the AVTA goal of providing benchmark data of
emerging technologies for technology modeling, and research and development programs conducted by
DOE and its industry partners. The testing results are also provided to fleet managers and the general
public to support their vehicle acquisition processes. 
This report supports the fleet manager that has minimal experience operating NEVs, but is
considering introducing them into his or her fleet. While a few parts of this report may appear to be
critical of the performance and maintenance requirements of NEVs, it is more the intent of the authors to
provide a balanced analysis of operating NEVs in fleets. It is important that prospective NEV fleet
managers and NEV acquirers be fully “NEV prepared” in order to successfully introduce NEVs to fleets
and vehicle users. While most NEV operations are the same as traditional gasoline fueled vehicles (turn a
key to start the vehicle, push the turn signal handle down to turn on the left turn signal, etc.), the
infrastructure needs and many maintenance needs are NEV specific. For instance, when another gasoline
fleet vehicle is acquired, this vehicle would fuel either at the fleet-operated gasoline pump or at a gasoline
station down the street. However, adding NEVs usually requires adding the proper charging infrastructure
that is very critical to successful NEV deployment. In addition, each fleet manager should check with the
appropriate state motor vehicle department for current registration and licensing requirements and laws
pertaining to operating NEVs on public streets as these requirements are not uniform in all states.
The AVTA primarily uses two types of testing methods to evaluate advanced technology vehicles.
(1) Baseline Performance Testing is conducted on dynamometers and closed test tracks, allowing for a
highly controlled testing environment and vehicle-to-vehicle comparisons of the testing results. However,
because of the limited top speeds, range, and weight of the NEVs, dynamometer testing is not conducted
on NEVs. (2) Fleet Testing places NEVs in government and industry fleets where operating and
maintenance data are collected. The fleet testing also provides a very real-world element to the testing
process.
It is from the experienced gained from testing NEVs and operating them in fleets that the authors
discuss the issues relevant to successfully introduce and operate NEVs in fleet operations.
Other vehicle technologies that the AVTA are currently or will soon be testing include hybrid
electric vehicles, hydrogen and hydrogen/compress natural gas blended fuels in internal combustion
engine vehicles, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. See the AVTA’s Webpage (http://avt.inl.gov) for
more information on these testing activities.
The AVTA is part of DOE’s FreedomCAR and Vehicle Technologies Program. The Idaho
National Laboratory and its testing partner, Electric Transportation Applications, of Phoenix, Arizona,
conduct the AVTA testing activities discussed in this report.
建立一支示范性邻里电动车车队的准则
概述
美国能源部先进车辆测试活动规划（AVTA）实施邻里电动车的测试以支持AVTA的为技术建模，能源部
同其工业合作伙伴进行的研发计划提供新兴技术的基准数据的目标。测试结果也提供给车队经理以及公众
以对他们购买车辆提供帮助。本报告对那些运行邻里电动车有很少一点经验，但是正在考虑将邻里电动
车引入到他或者她的车队的经理提供支持。尽管本报告的一些部分看起来像重点关注邻里电动车的性能和
维护要求，本报告的作者的意图更多的是想提供运行的邻里电动车在车队中的均衡的分析。重要的是
未来的社区车队经理们以及邻里电动车的购买者们做好充分的准备以成功的将邻里电动车介绍给车队以及车辆使用者。
尽管邻里电动车的毒部分操作与传统的汽油燃料汽车一样（转动钥匙启动车辆，将转向信号手柄向下按，打开左转向灯等等），
邻里电动车的基础设施以及一些维护需求是特殊的。比如，当需要另一辆汽油车队车辆，该车既可以在车队经营
的加油泵上加油，也可以在大街上的加油站加油。但是，增加邻里电动车通常要求增加合适的充电设施，这对邻
里电动车的成功部署至关重要。另外，每一个车队经理应该向所在州的机动车辆管理部门询问与邻里电动车在公
共街道运行的相关登记及发牌规定和法律，因为不同的州，要求不尽相同。
先进车辆测试活动规划主要使用两种测试方法对先进技术车辆进行评估。（1）基准性能测试在测力计上以及封闭
的测试道路上进行，提供一个高度控制的测试环境以及测试结果的车辆与车辆的比较。但是，由于对邻里电动车的
车速，范围以及重量的最高限制，在邻里电动车上没有使用测力计进行测试。（2）车队测试将邻里电动车加入政府
和行业的车队中，在这些地方，收集运行和维护的数据。车队测试也为测试进程提供了一个非常现实的元素。
从对邻里电动车的测试和驾驶中获得的经验，作者讨论了与在车队中成功引入和运行邻里电动车的相关事宜。
先进车辆测试活动规划现在或者马上将要进行测试的其他车辆技术包括混合动力电动车，在内燃机车辆中的氢和氢/压
缩天然气混合燃料以及插入式混合电动车。见先进车辆测试活动规划网站(http://avt.inl.gov) 获取这些测试活动的更多信息。
先进车辆测试活动规划（AVTA）是能源部的FreedomCAR协作以及车辆技术计划的一部分。爱达荷国家实验室以及其测
试合作伙伴位于亚利桑那州凤凰城的电力交通应用公司进行了本报告中讨论的AVTA测试活动。
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