（一般项目）[Physical examination(general items)]
•视诊[inspection]
•触诊[palpation]
•叩诊[percussion]
•听诊[auscultation]
•嗅诊[olfactory examination]
•浅（深）触诊法[light (deep) palpation]
•深部滑行（深压，双手，冲击）触诊法[deep slipping (deep press,bimanual,ballottement]
•间接（直接）叩诊[indirect (direct) percussion]
•叩诊音（过清音，清音，浊音，鼓音，实音）[percussion sound (hyperresonance,resonance,dullness,tympany,flatness)]
•用钟（膜）型胸件听诊[with the bell (diaphragmatic) chestpiece ]
1、体温[temperature, T]
•口（腋、肛）温[oral (axillary, rectal) temperature]
•经口（腋、肛）测的温度[per mouth (axilla, rectum)]
•摄氏与华氏换算[Centigrade VS Fahrenheit]
℃=5/9(?H-32)
?H=9/5℃+32
℃～?H ℃～?H
36.5～97.7 38.5～101.3
37.0～98.6 38.9～102.0
37.2～99.0 39.0～102.2
37.5～99.5 39.4～103.0
37.8～100 40.0～104.0
38.0～100.4 40.5～104.9
38.3～101.0 41.0～105.8
•37.5℃.orally(99.5?H)[口温摄氏37.5度（华氏99.5度）]
2、脉搏[pulse, P]
•脉率72次/分[pulse 72 beats per minute(P 72 bpm)]
•搏动存在（消失）[pulse are present (absent)]
•速（缓）脉[fast (slow) pulse]
•洪（细丝）脉[bounding (small, thready) pulse]
•水冲脉[water hammer pulse]
•交替脉[alternating pulse]
•奇脉[paradoxical]
•二联（三联）脉[bigeminal (trigeminal) pulse]
•重脉[dicrotic pulse]
•间歇脉[intermittent pulse]
•陷落脉[collapsing]
•不规则（规则）脉[irregular(regular) pulse]
3、呼吸[respiration, R]
•呼吸频率[respiratory rate (RR)]
•呼吸频率19次/分[RR 19 beats/min (R 19 bpm)]
•规则（不规则）呼吸[regular (irregular) breathing]
•呼吸均匀[eupnea]
•呼吸急促（缓慢）[repid (slow) breathing]
•呼吸停止（中断）[pausal (interrupted) breathing]
•呼吸骤停[breath arrest]
•深（浅）呼吸[deep (superficial) breathing]
•呼吸困难[dyspna (short of breath)]
•呼吸费力[labored breathing]
•胸（腹）式呼吸[thoracic (abdominal) breathing]
•张口呼吸[mouth (buccal) breathing]
•周期性呼吸[periodic respiration]
•库斯毛氏呼吸[Kussmaul`s respiration]
•陈-施（潮式）呼吸[Cheyne-Stokes (tidal) respiration]
•间歇呼吸[Biot`s breathing]
•叹息样（胎儿,鼾样）呼吸[sighing (fetal, stertorous) respiration]
•口臭[have foul (fetid) breath (halitosis)]
•酮味呼吸[a smell of ketone]
•静息下（活动时）气促[dyspnea at rest (on exertion)]
•丙酮（氨臭，蒜臭）味[acetone (ammoniacal, alliaceous) odor]
•肝臭[hepaticus fetor]
•腋臭[bromidrosis]
4、血压[blood pressure, BP]
•收缩（舒张）压[systolic (diastolic) blood pressure]
•血压20/12千帕（150/90毫米汞柱）[BP 20/12 kPa(150/90mmHg)]
1kPa=7.5mmHg (1mmHg=0.1333kPa)
•血压为收缩压20，舒张压12千帕[Bp is 20 over 12 (Bp is 20 systolic and 12 diastolic)]
•测量血压[take (measure, check ) Bp]
•坐（卧）位血压[sitting (lying) Bp]
•无创（有创）血压[non-invasive (invasive) Bp]
•脉压[pulse pressure]
•血压测不出[Bp is unavailable (unobtained)]
•左臂（右臂）血压[Bp in left (right) arm]
•双下肢血压[Bp in both lower limbs]
•袖带[cuff]
5、体位[position]
•主动（被动、强迫）体位[active (passive, forced ) position]
•立（坐、卧）位[upright (sitting, dorsal) position]
•仰卧（俯卧）位[supine (prone) position]
•左（右）侧卧位[left (right) lateral (decubitus) position]
•蜷腿位[coiled position]
•半卧位[semi-reclining (semi-recumbent) position]
•端坐位[orthopnea position]
•胸膝（膝肘）位[knee-chest (knee-elbow) position]
•截石（分娩）位[dorsosacral (obstetric) position]
•角弓反张位[opisthotonus position]
•强迫蹲位[compulsive squattin]
•辗转体位[alternative position]
•头高（低）脚低（高）位[high (low) head and low(high) legs]
6、神志和意识[consciousness and mind]
•清醒（半清醒的）[alert (semi-conscious)]
•昏迷（半昏迷）的[comatose (semi-comatose)]
•无精打采的[listless]
•思睡的[somnolent (drowsy, sleepy)]
•昏睡的[lethargic]
•焦虑不安的[anxious (restless, apprehensive)]
•激动的[excited (irritable)]
•精神错乱的[confused]
•意识障碍[distrubance of consciousness]
•谵妄[delirium]
•抽搐[convulsion]
•木僵的[stuporous]
•合作佳（欠佳、差）[cooperation is good (not good enough, bad)]
•反应迟钝[have a dull reaction]
•有（无）定向力[be oriented (disoriented)]
•朦胧状态[be in a mist tent]
•神志模糊[blurred (dim, vague) mind]
•失去知觉[loss consciousness(unconsciousness)]
•对疼痛刺激的反应[reaction to painful stimuli]
7、面容[facial features]
•呈急（慢）性面容[be in acute (chronic) distress]
•病然面容[critical facies]
•濒死面容[hippocratic facies]
•苦笑面容[sardonic facies]
•表情不安 [anxious (distressing) expression]
•神情憔悴[ haggard expression]
•贫血（肾病、肝病）面容[anemic (nephrotic, hepatic) facies]
•二尖瓣（伤寒）面容[mitral (typhoid) facies]
•满月（面具）面容[moon (masked) facies]
•肢端肥大症面容[acromegaly facies]
•甲亢（粘液性水肿）面容[hyperthyroid (myxedema) facies]
•老年貌[senile feature]
•颜面潮红（苍白）[reddy (pale) facies]
•面色红润[florid facies]
8、发育[development]
•身高[body height (length)]
•身材（高大、矮小）[stature (tall, dwarf)]
•体格（强壮、脆弱）[physique (strong, weak)]
•青春期[adolescent spurt]
•体型[habitus]
•无力（乏力、超力）型[asthenic (ortho-sthenic, sthenic) type]
•巨人症（重体侏儒症、奄人症）[gigantism (pituitary dwarfism, eunuochism)]
•运动员体型[athletic type]
•矮胖（瘦长）型[stocky (lanky) type]
•一位发育良好（中等）的病人[a well (middle)-developed patient]
•发育不良（异常）[hypoplasia (dysplasia)]
•身高171厘米[177cm in height]
9、营养[nutrition]
•营养良好（中等、不良）[well (middle, under)-nourished]
•良好、不良，中等[well (poorly, fairly)]
•肥胖[obesity (overweight,fat)]
•消瘦[emaciation (underweight, thin, lean)]
•恶液质[cachexia]
•水牛背[buffalo hump]
10、姿势与步态[posture and gait]
•共济失调步态[ataxic (incoordination) gait]
•剪刀步态[scissors gait]
•慌张步态[festinating gait]
•跨域步态[steppage gait]
•摇摆步态[swaying gait]
•蹒跚步态[reeling (staggering, waddling) gait]
•闭目难立征[Romberg`s sign]
•间歇性跛行[intermittent claudication]

11、皮肤与粘膜[skin and mucosa]
• 颜色[color]
• 苍白（红色、暗红、潮红、粉红色）[pallor (redness, dusky redness, flush, pinky)]
• 显得苍白[be (look) pale]
• 紫绀（手足发绀）[cyanosis (acrocyanosis)]
• 黄疸（黄染）[jaundice (stained yellow)]
• 黑色素[melanin]
• 色素沉着过多（减退）[hyper pigmentation (depigmentation)]
• 色素沉着增加(减少)[pigmentation increase（decrease）]
• 白癜（白斑）[vitiligo (leukoplakia)]
• 雀斑（老年斑）[fleck (senile plague)]
• 紫（妊娠）纹[purple (pregnant) striae]
• 多血症[be plethoric]
• 重度（中度、轻度）紫绀[be severely (moderately, slightly) cyanosis]
•湿度与弹性[moisture and elasticity]
• 干燥（湿润）的[dry (moist)]
• 湿冷[cold moist]
• 冷（暖、热）[cool (warm, hot)]
• 光滑（粗糙）的[smooth (rough)]
• 光亮的[shing]
• 紧张（松弛）的[taut (loose)]
• 软（硬）[soft (hard)]
• 鳞状（皱纹）的[scaly (wrinkling)]
• 有（无）弹性的[elastic (inelastic)]
• 萎缩（肥厚）的[atrophic (hypertrophic)]
• 皮下气肿[subcutaneous emphysema]
• 全身（局限）性水肿[anasarca (localized edema)]
• 凹陷性（非凹陷性）水肿（加重、减轻、消退）[pitting (non-pitting) edema (increase, decrease, subside)]
•皮损[skin lesions]
•皮疹[skin eruption]
• 斑疹[maculae]
• 玟瑰疹[roseola (rose spots)]
• 丘疹[papule]
• 斑丘疹[maculopapule]
• 风疹[rubella]
• 疱疹[belbs]
• 斑片[patch]
• 斑块[plaque]
• 荨麻疹[urticaria (hives)]
• 脱皮（屑）[desquamation (excoriation)]
• 蜘蛛痣[spider angioma]
• 皮下小结[subcutaneous nodules]
• 瘢痕[scar]
• 痱子[sudamen]
• 水（血、脓）疱[water (blood, pus ) bpister]
• 小（大）水疱[vesicle (bulla)]
• 单纯疱疹[herpes simplex]
• 风团（囊肿、肿瘤）[wheal (cyst, tumor)]
• 皮屑（鳞屑）[furfur (scale)]
• 结痂（焦痂）[crust (eschar)]
• 溃疡（糜烂、皱裂）[ulcer (erosion, fissure)]
• 肝掌（朱砂掌）[liver (erythema) palms]
• 黄褐斑[chloasma]
• 环形红斑[circinate erythema]
• 黑痣[pigmented nevas]
• 胎记[birthmark]
• 疣（鸡眼）[werruca (clavus)]
• 冻疮[pernio]
• 褥疮[bedsore (decubitus)]
• 渗液[exudate]
•出血[bleeding]
• 瘀点[petechia]
• 紫癜[purpura]
• 瘀斑[ecchymosis]
• 血肿[hematoma]
• 片状出血[splinter hemorrhage]
• 渗血[oozing of the blood]
• 压之褪色[blanch on pressure]
12、头发与指甲[hair and nail]
•头发（稀疏、浓密、秃头）的[hair (sparse, dense, bald)]
•头皮[scalp]
•粗（细）[coarse (fine)]
•密（疏）[thick (thin)]
•干性（油性）[dry (oily)]
•有（无）光泽的[lustrous (lusterless)]
•多（少、无）毛[hairy (oligotrichosis, hairless)]
•脱发（斑秃、全秃）[hair loss (alopecia areata, baldness)]
•眉毛（阴毛、腋毛）稀少（过多）[scant (excessive) eyebrows (public hair, axillary hair)]
•体毛（胡须）[body hair(beard) ]
•全身性多毛症[hypertrichosis universalis]
•毛发的性状和分布[quality and distribution of the hair]
•甲变形（匙状甲）[deformities of nail (spoonnail)]
•薄（脆）甲[thin (brittle) nail]
•甲脱落[ongchoptosis]
13、浅表淋巴结[superficial lymph nodes]
•浅表淋巴结未扪及[be no palpable superficial lymph nodes (…can not be palpated)]
•淋巴结肿大[enlarged lymph nodes (lymphnode enlargement)]
•部位[site]
• 全身（局部）[general (local)]
• 耳前（后）淋巴结[pre(post)-auricular nodes]
• 枕后淋巴结[occipital nodes]
• 颏下淋巴结[submental nodes]
• 下颌淋巴结[submaxillary nodes]
• 颈前（后）淋巴结[anterior (posterior) cervical nodes]
•  锁骨上淋巴结[supraclavicular nodes]
• 滑车上淋巴结[epitrochlear nodes]
• 腋窝上（内侧，前，后，外侧）淋巴结[axillary top (medial,anterior,posterior,lateral)]
• 腹股沟淋巴结（横组，纵组）[inguinal nodes (transverse group,longitudinal group) lymphnode]
•大小[size]
• 4×2cm大小[4 by 2 cm in diameter (size)]
• 米粒（豌豆，核桃，小指，拇指，拳头，手掌，鸡蛋）大小[size of a rice grain (pea,walnut,small,ringer,thumb,fist,palm,hen’s egg)]
• 针头大小[pinhead size]
• 苹果大小[size of an apple]
• 小孩头（成人大小）[size of a infant’s(man’s) head]
•形态[shape]
• 不规则[irregular]
• 结节（颗粒、纺锤）状的[tuberous (granular,spindle-shaped)]
• 光滑（粗糙）的[smooth (coarse)]
• 平坦（凹凸不平）的[flat (uneven)]
• 球（椭园，卵园，园）形的[globular (elliptical,oval,circular)]
•硬度和活动度[hardness and mobility]
• 硬（软）[hard (soft)]
• 石头（骨）样硬[of stone-like (bone-like)]
• 可活动（固定）的[movable (fixed)]
• 与周围组织（结构）固定[be fixed to the surrounding tissues (structures)]
• 压痛[tenderness]
• 融合（粘连）[fusion (adhesion)]
• 肿胀（疤痕）[swelling (fistula)]

（头颈部）[Physical examination(head and neck)]
1、头颅[cranium,skull]
•头颅变形[deforming skull]
•头形（围）[head contour (circumference)]
•小颅（尖颅，巨颅）[microcephalism (acrocephalia,large skull)]
•长（短）头[dolichocephalia (brachycephalism)]
•方（塔）颅[squared (tower) skull]
•落日现象[sitting sun phenomenon]
•颅缝[cranial suture]
•前（后）囟门[anterior (posterior) fontanel]
•囟门膨出（塌陷）[bulging (edpressed) fontanel]
•囟门晚（早）闭[delayded (earlier) closure of the fontanel]
2、眼球[eyeball]
•眼球浮动[ocular bobbing]
•眼球破裂[eyeball rupture]
•眼球穿孔伤[ocular-perforating injury]
•眼球内异物[intralcular foreign body]
•眼距增宽（变窄）[ocular hypertelorism (hypotelorism)]
•眼球萎缩[atrophy of eyeball]
•眼球突出（凹陷）[exophthalmos (enophthalmos)]
•眼球震颤[nystagmus]
•眼球固定[eyeball fixation (stare)]
•眼球活动受限[limitation of eye movement]
•假眼[ocular prosthesis]
•眼外肌运动[extraocular movements]
3、眼睑[eyelids]
•睑内（外）翻[entropion (ectropion)]
•流泪[lacrimation]
•上睑下垂[ptosis]
•眼睑痉挛（松驰）[blepharospasm (blepharo-chalasis)]
•眼睑水肿（红肿）[edema (redness and swelling) of the eyelids]
•瞬目过少[nictitation diminution(lid lag )]
•瞬目过多[frequent nictitation (blinking)]
•眼裂缩小（增宽）[blepharophimosis (blepharodia stasis)]
•眼睑充血[blepharal hyperemia]
•泪囊[lacrimal sac ]
•睫毛反射[eyelash reflexes]
•压眶反射[reaction to pressure on the supraocular notch]
•皱眉（皱额，闭目）[raise eyebrows (wrinkle forehead,force eyelids closing)]
4、结膜[conjunctive]
•结膜反射[conjunctival reflexes]
•充血[congestion]
•红（白）[redness (pallor)]
•球结膜水肿[chemosis]
•结膜滤泡（滤泡增生）[conjunctival follicle (folliculosis)]
•沙眼[trachoma]
•胬肉[pterygium]
•水样（脓性）分泌物[watery (purulent) discharge]
5、角膜和巩膜[cornea and sclerae]
•角膜反射[corneal reflexes]
•角膜混浊[cornea opacity]
•透明（不透明）的[transparent (opaque)]
•异物[foreign body]
•老年环[arcus senilis]
•溃疡（穿孔）[ulcer (perferation)]
•黄染（无黄染）[stained yellow (anicteric)]
6、瞳孔[pupil]
•右眼[OD (oculus dextet)]
•左眼[OS (oculus sinister)]
•2mm大小[2mm in size]
•等大等园[be equal and round ]
•瞳孔大小不一[unevenness of pupils (anisocoria)]
•固定[fixed]
•瞳孔缩小[contraction of pupils (miosis)]
•瞳孔散大[dilation of pupils (platycoria)]
•瞳孔畸形（闭锁）[deformity (seclusion) of pupils]
•直接（间接）对光反射[direct (consensual) response to light]
•瞳孔对光反射（佳）（差）[good (poor) light reflex of pupils]
•对光反射存在[retain light reflexes]
•调节反射[accommodation reflex]
•辐辏反射[convergence reflex]
7、视力和视野[Vision and Visual fields]
•视力模糊（减退，差）[blurred (impaired, poor) Vision]
•弱视[amblyopia]
•复视[double vision (diplopia)]
•斜视[strabismus]
•麻痹性斜视[paralytic squint]
•偏盲[hemiscotosis]
•失明[amaurosis (blindness)]
•夜盲[night blindness]
•色盲[color blindness]
•全色盲[achromatopsia]
•绿（蓝）色盲[achromatopsia green(blue) blindness]
•红-绿色盲[red-green blindness]
•色弱[color weakness]
•远视[far-sightedness (far ?Csighted,hyeropia)]
•近视[short-sightedness (short-sighted,nearsightedness,myopia)]
•右（左）眼200度[200 degree,OD(OS)]
•左（右）眼视力[OS(OD) vision]
•视野完整[full (intact) visual fields]
•象限视野缺损[tetarfanopia]
•单侧（双颞侧）缺损[unilateral (bitemporal) defect]
•视野缺损[visual field defect]
•视野缩小[contraction of visual field]
8、眼底和眼压[fundus and intraocular pressure]
•眼底镜检查[fundoscopy (ophthalmoscopy)]
•眼底清晰[fundi are clear]
•小动脉（小静脉）[arteriole (venule)]
•小动脉狭窄[narrow arteriole]
•小动脉硬化[arteriolosclerosis]
•微动脉瘤[microaneurysm]
•动静脉压迹[A-V nicking]
•点状（头焰样）出血[punctate (flame) hemorrhage]
•视乳头色素沉着[pigmentation of disc (retina)]
•视神经乳头（视神经）水肿[papilledema (papilloedema)]
•视乳头凹陷（苍白）[excavation (pallor) of optic disc]
•视网膜出血（水肿，渗出）[retinal hemorrhage (edema,exudation)]
•视网膜色素变性[pigmentary degeneration of retina]
•视网膜剥离[retinodialysis]
•视网膜变性（损伤）[retinal degeneration (injury)]
•测眼压[intraocular pressure measurement]
•眼压升高（降低）[increase (decrease) of intraocular pressure]
9、耳廓和外耳道[pinna and external canal]
•红（肿、痛，压痛）[redness (swelling,pain,tenderness)]
•糜烂（渗出物，脓性分泌物）[erosion (exudate,purulent discharge)]
•疱疹（瘘管，小水疱，血疱）[herpes (fistula,visicle,blood blisters)]
•狭窄（闭锁）[stenosis (clausura)]
•耵聍（耵聍栓塞，耵聍过多）[cerumen (ceruminal impaction,ceruminosis)]
•耳疖[furuncle of ear ]
•耳化脓（溢脓）[otopyosis (otopyorrhea)]
•耳廓假性囊肿[pseudocyst of auricle]
•外耳道异物[foreign body of external auditory canal]
•耵聍钩（钳）[cerumen hook (forceps)]
10、鼓膜[tympanic membrane (drum)]
•光反射[light reflex]
•红色（粉红色，苍白）[be red (pink,pale)]
•鼓膜内陷[otopiesis (indrawing of drum)]
•鼓膜膨出[umbo (bulge of drum)]
•鼓膜穿孔（粘连）[perforation (adherence) of drum]
•中央（周围）性穿孔[central (marginal) perforation]
•鼓膜破裂[myringorupture]
•鼓膜增厚（充血，疤痕，疱疹，肉芽）[hypertrophy (congestation,scar,herpes,granulation) of drum]
•鼓室积水（血）[hydrotympanum (hematotympanum)]
11、听力[audition (hearing)]
•听觉过敏（减退）[hyperacusis (hypoacusis)]
•听觉不良（迟钝，障碍）[dysacousis (bradyacusia, dysacusis)]
•听觉域[auditory sensation area]
•听力正常[normal hearing]
•听力（觉）迟钝[auditus depression (amblyacousia)]
•听力障碍[dysaudia]
•听力丧失[hearing loss (disability)]
•传导性（神经性，感音神经性）耳聋[conductive (neural,sensorineural) deafness]
•老年性耳聋[presbycusis]
•音叉试验[tuning fork test]
•秒表（耳语）听力检查[stopwatch (whisper) audiometry]
•韦伯氏试验（骨导偏向试验）[Weber’s test]
•任内氏试验（气骨导听力比较试验）[Rinne’s test]
•施瓦巴赫氏试验（骨导对比试验）[Schwabach’s test]
12、鼻[nose]
•酒渣鼻[rosacea]
•鞍（蛙状）鼻[saddle(frog) nose]
•畸形（肿胀，溃疡）[deformity (swelling,ulcer)]
•鼻翼扇动[flaring (movement) of alae nasi (nasal ala flap)]
•鼻骨骨折[fracture of nasal bone]
•鼻疖[nasal furuncle]
•鼻道狭窄[rhinostenosis (stenosis of nasal canal)]
•流涕[running nose]
•鼻粘膜干燥（苍白，红）[dry (pale,red ) mucosa]
•鼻腔异物[nasal foreign body]
•鼻粘膜萎缩（肥厚，肿胀）[nasal mucosa atrophy (hypertrophy,swelling)]
•鼻孔（甲）[naris (turbinates)]
•上（中、下）鼻甲[superior (middle,inferior ) turbinates]
•鼻塞[nasal obstruction]
•鼻中隔偏移（穿孔，肿胀，血肿，溃疡）[deviation (perforation,swelling,hematoma,ulcer) of nasal septum]
•鼻（副鼻）窦[nasal (paranasal) sinus]
•额（上颌，蝶，筛）窦[frontal (maxillary,sphenoid,ethmoid) sinus]
•鼻窦压痛[tenderness over sinuses]
•鼻镜检查[rhinoscopy]
13、嗅觉[smell (scent)]
•嗅觉减退（敏锐）[hyposmia (oxyosmia)]
•嗅觉异常[heterosmia]
•嗅觉测定[measurement of olfaction]
•嗅觉倒错（嗅幻觉）[paraosmia (olfactory hallucination]
•嗅觉缺失[anosmia]
14、口腔粘膜与唇[mucosa of mouth and lips]
•口腔（唇）[oral cavity (lips)]
•口瘢痕挛缩[cicatricial contracture of mouth]
•口疮[aphtha]
•口角[angle of mouth]
•唇（口角）干裂[cheilosis (angular cheilosis)]
•皱裂[ehagades]
•口裂[oral fissure]
•干燥（湿润）[dry (moist)]
•口唇干燥[xerocheilia (desiccation fissure)]
•口臭[halitosis (ozostomia)]
•口唇（腔）疱疹[herpes labialis (of mouth)]
•口唇肥厚[lips pachynsis]
•口角糜烂[perleche]
•口腔坏疽[oral gangrene]
•柯泼力克氏斑[Koplik’s spots]
•口腔白斑（溃疡形成）[oral leukoplakia (ulceration)]
•口水（口涎增多）[saliva (ptyalism)]
•口周苍白（雀斑）[circum-oral pallor (freckle)]
•闭口困难[open bite (closure lips irreducible)]
•张口受阻（困难）[limitation (difficulty) of mouth opening]
15、牙齿[tooth]
•牙表面[tooth surface]
•牙不齐[odontoloxy (alignment disorder,malalignment)]
•牙发育不全（异常）[metodontiasis (dysplasia dentalis)]
•牙根折断[dental root fracture]
•牙齿缺失[anodontia (absence of the tooth)]
•牙脱落[odontoptosis (lose a tooth)]
•缺齿[missing teeth]
•残根[residual root]
•牙松动[odontoseisis (loosening of the tooth)]
•牙垫[bite-block]
•牙磨损[tooth abrasion]
•牙骨质增生[hypercementosis]
•牙冠破裂[cracking of crown]
•牙石[odontolith (tartar,dental calculus)]
•牙列拥挤[crowded dentition]
•牙缝宽[wide interdental space]
•牙萌出过迟（早）[delayed (premature) eruption of tooth]
•牙线[dental floss]
•牙髓腔（炎）[pulp cavity (pulpitis)]
•拔牙[extract (pull out ,draw out,put out) a tooth]
•假牙[false (artificial tooth)]
•假牙[prosthesis]
•镶牙[insert tooth]
•龋齿[decayed teeth (dental caries)]
•龋洞[carious cavity]
•牙面色素沉着[pigmentation of tooth surface]
•牙关紧闭[trismus (lockjaw)]
•牙触（叩击）痛[tooth tenderness (percussion pain)]
•牙周囊肿（感染，萎缩）[periodontal cyst (infection,atrophy)]
16、牙龈[gum (gingiva)]
•牙龈出血（囊肿，坏疽，撕裂）[gingival bleeding (cyst,gangrene,laceration)]
•牙龈充血（肿胀，糜烂）[gingival engorgement (swelling,erosion)]
•牙龈萎缩（增生）[gingival atropy (hyperplasia)]
•牙龈（牙周）溢脓[gingival pyorrhea (peripyema)]
•牙龈脓肿[gumboil]
17、舌[tongue]
•舌背静脉[dorsal lingual veins]
•舌颤动[tremulous tongue (lingual tremor)]
•舌淀粉样变性[amyloid degeneration of tongue]
•舌后坠[glossocoma]
•舌尖麻木[tongue tip numbness]
•舌裂[split tongue]
•舌脓肿（溃疡）[tongue abscess (ulcer)]
•舌乳头（体，背）[papillae (body, dorsum) of tongue]
•舌苔[coated (furred) tongue]
•地图（草莓，镜面）舌[geographic (strawberry, marror face) tongue]
•裂纹（牛肉）舌[wrinkled (beefy) tongue]
•毛舌[hairy tongue]
•舌光滑（粗糙）[smooth (rough) tongue]
•舌滤泡[lingual follicles]
•舌干燥[sausarism]
•舌肌萎缩（肥厚）[atrophy (hypertrophy) of tongue muscle]
•舌系带过短[tongue tie (ankyloglossia)]
•舌下囊肿（溃疡，脓肿，肿块）[sublingnal cyst (ulcer, abscess, tumor)]
•伸舌困难（偏斜）[difficulty (deviation) of tongue extenison movement]
18、咽和扁桃体[pharynx and tonsil]
•鼻（口）咽[nasal (oral) pharynx]
•扁桃体不肿大[no enlargement of tonsil]
•无充血和渗出[no injection (congestion) and exudate]
•脓点（滤泡，白色小点）[beads of pus (follicle, white particle)]
•扁桃体出血（感染，肥大，溃疡）[hemorrhage (infection, hypertrophy, ulcer) of tonsil]
•扁桃体肿大[swelling of tonsil]
•扁桃体（后，周围）脓肿[tonsillar (retrotonsillar, peritonsillar) abscess]
•扁桃体缺如[tonsil deletion]
•扁桃体隐窝（窝）[tonsillar crypts (fossa)]
•咽部异物（溃疡，分泌物）[pharyneal foreign body (ulcer, secretion)]
•咽后壁淋巴滤泡增生[retropharyneal folliculosis]
•咽部干燥（疱疹，充血，水肿）[dryness (herpes, congestion, swelling) of throat]
•咽反射[pharynx reflex]
•咽下不能[dysphagia]
•腮腺肿大[enlargement of parotid gland]
19、喉[larynx]
•白喉（喉白斑）[diphtheritic croup (leukoplakia of larynx)]
•喉闭锁[atretolemia]
•喉梗阻[laryngemphraxis (laryngeal obstruction)]
•喉痉挛（狭窄）[laryngeal spasm(laryngo-stenosis)]
•喉头痉挛[laryngospasm]
•喉反射[laryngeal reflex]
•喉坏死（钙化）[necrosis (calcification)of larynx]
•喉瘘（囊肿，脓肿，息肉，血肿，异物）[laryngeal fistula(cyst,abscess,polyp,hematoma,foreign body)]
•喉膨出[laryngocele]
•喉缺失[absence of largnx]
•喉头水肿[laryngeal edema]
•声嘶（哑）[hoarseness (dumbness)]
•变（失）声[mutation (loss) of voice]
•失音[aphonia]
•发音（构音）障碍[pararthria (dysarthria)]
•喉部感觉缺失[laryngeal anesthesia]
•会厌发育不全（擦伤，裂，囊肿，脓肿）[agenesis (abrasion, fissure, cyst, abscess) of epiglottis]
•会厌分叉（结节）[bifid epiglottis(epiglottic tubercle)]
•声带肥厚[hypertrophy of vocal cords]
•声带麻痹[vocal cord paralysis]
•声带小结[vocal nodule]
•声带息肉[polyp of vocal cord]
•声门痉挛[glottis spasm]
•声门下狭窄[subglottic stenosis]
20、颈部[neck]
•颈部创伤[neck trauma]
•颈部淋巴结（囊肿）[cervical lymph node (cyst)]
•颈动脉窦按摩[carotid sinus massage]
•颈强直[neck rigidity (stiff-neck rigidity, stiff neck)]
•颈软[soft neck (supple)]
•斜颈[torticollis]
•角弓反张[opisthotonus]
•颈静脉搏动（曲张）[jugular pulse (varicosity)]
•颈静脉怒张[jugular vein distention (JVD)]
•颈静脉充盈（怒张）[jugular vein is full(distention and prominence)]
•库斯毛氏征[Kussmaul`s sign]
•肝颈反流[hepatojugular reflex]
•收缩期（舒张期）囊颤[systolic (diastolic) thrill]
•颈动脉搏动异常（增强、减弱、消失）[abnormal carotid pulsation (increase, decrease, disappearance)]
21、甲状腺[thyroid]
•弥漫（局灶，结节）性甲状腺肿大[diffuse (local, nodular) thyroid enlargement]
•甲状腺震颤[thyroid tremor]
•震颤[thrill]
•甲状腺血管杂音[thyroid vascular murmur]
•甲状腺峡部[isthmus of thyroid gland]
•甲状旁腺[parathyroid gland]
•甲状腺囊肿（滤泡、肿块，出血）[thyroid cyst (follicle, tumor, hemorrhage)]
22、气管[trachea]
•气管插管[endotracheal intubation]
•气管痉挛[tracheospasm]
•气管囊肿（息肉、狭窄、移位）[tracheal cyst (polyp, stenosis ,displacement)]
•气管（向右）偏移[displacement of trachea (tracheal deviation to the right)]
•气管居中[trachea is in the midline]
•气管内异物[intratracheal foreign body]

（胸腹部）
1、肋骨和软组织[ribs and soft tissure]
•胸骨上切迹[suprasternal notch]
•浮肋[free ribs]
•胸壁[chest wall]
•扁平（桶状、佝偻、漏头、鸡）胸[flat (barrel,rachitic, funnel, pigeon) chest]
•皮下气肿[subcutaneous emphysema]
•捻发音[Crepitus]
•佝偻病串珠[rachitic rosary]
•软骨病[chondrosteoma]
•脂肪瘤[lipoma]
•软骨发育不全[achondroplasia (chondrodysplasia)]
•软组织损伤[soft tissue injury]
•肋骨畸形[abnormality of the ribs(rib deformity, costal anomaly)]
•肋骨串珠（错位）[beading (displacement) of rib]
•肋软骨畸形[costochondral deformity]
•肋软骨增生[costal cartilage hyperplasia]
•肋下切口[subcostal incision]
•肋间隙宽（窄）[wide (narrow) intercostal space]
2、乳房[breast]
•对称性[symmetry]
•乳头内陷（内缩）[crater (retracted) nipple]
•乳头皱裂[cracked nipple]
•乳头偏斜（抬高）[nipple skewness(elevation)]
•乳头溢液[nipple discharge]
•乳头脓肿（溃疡、血肿）[abscess (ulcer, hematoma) of nipple]
•乳头过小[hypomastia]
•乳斑[milk spots]
•乳房潮红[breast flush]
•乳房出血[mastorrhagia]
•乳房过早发育[premature thelarche]
•乳房肿胀（脓肿）[mammary swelling(abscess)]
•乳房湿疹[eczema mammae]
•乳房下垂[mastoptosis (pendulous breast)]
•乳房萎缩[mastatrophy]
•巨乳[macromastia]
•乳晕[mammary areola]
•乳房硬化[zaranthan]
•异常泌乳[abnormal lactation]
•男子女性化乳房[gynecomastism]
•乳房皮肤红肿[erythroswelling of mammary skin]
•乳房桔皮征[mammary orange-peel sign]
•乳记局限性凹陷[mammary localized pitting]
•乳房瘘管[breast fistula]
•正常女性乳房[normal female breasts]
•无压痛性肿块[nontender mass]
3、肺[lung]
•呼吸缓慢（急促）[bradypnea (tachypnea)]
•呼吸浅慢（深快）[hypopnea (hyperpnea)]
•呼吸不规则[irregular respiration]
•点头呼吸[nodding breathing]
•端坐呼吸[orthopnea]
•三凹征[retraction sign of three fossae]
•叹息样呼吸[sighing respiration]
•浅快[shallow and rapid]
•呼（吸）气性呼吸困难[expiratory (inspiratory) dyspnea]
•呼吸道烧伤（塌陷）[burn (collapse) of respiratory tract(airway)]
•呼吸道阻塞[respiratory tract obstruction]
•呼吸均匀（呼吸加深或加快）[eupnea(exaggerated or acclerated respiratory)]
•呼吸停止[apnea]
•呼吸费力[respiration is labored]
•语音（触觉）震颤[vocal (tactile) fremitus]
•语颤相等（减弱、增强）[vocal fremitus is equal(diminished, accentuated)]
•间接（直接）叩诊[mediate (immediate) percussion]
• 浊（实、鼓、清、过清、金属）音[dullness (flatness, tympany, vesicular resonance, hyperresonance, bell)]
•移动范围[range of movement]
• 呼吸音消失（减弱，增强）[absence (diminution, exaggeration) of breath sound]
•呼吸音粗（清）[sound of breath(SO is rough (clear)]
•支气管（支气管肺泡，肺泡）音[bronchophony (bronchovesicular sound, vesicular sound)]
•管状呼吸音[tubular breath sound]
•捻发音[crepitant rales]
•爆裂音[crackles]
•干（湿）罗音[dry (moist) rales]
•细（中等、粗）罗音[fine (medium, coarse) rales]
•呼（吸）气未罗音[end-inspiratory (expiratory) rales]
•胸膜摩擦音[pleural friction rub]
•呼（吸）气延长[prolonged inspiratory (expiratory)]
•高（低）调鼾音[sibilant (sonorous) rhonchi (sonorous rales)]
•哨笛音[sibilant rales]
•哮鸣音[wheezing]
•小（中、大）水泡音[small(middle, big) bubbles]
•支气管语音[bronchophony]
•耳语音[whispered]
•羊鸣音[egophony]
•高（低）音调[high (low)-pitched]
•两肺部（右背部）[over both lung fields (right back)]
•两（左）肺底[over the both (left) lower lung]
•整个肺野[the whole lung field]
•左（右）上（下）肺[the left (right) upper (lower) lung]
•肺尖（底）[apex (base) of lung]
4、心脏[Heart]
•用手掌（指尖）触诊心尖搏动[palpate apical area with palm(fingertips)]
•心前区隆起（凹陷）[precordial bulge (retraction)]
•搏动弥漫（局限）[diffuse (local) pulsation]
•负性搏动[inward inpulse]
•心尖搏动[apex beat (apical impulse)]
•剑突下搏动[xiphoideusal pulsaton]
•抬举性心尖搏动[heaving apex impulse]
•心尖搏动最强点[point of maximal impulse (PMI)]
•锁骨中线[mid-calvicular line (MCL)]
•肋间[intercostal space (ICS)]
•收缩（舒张）期震颤[systolic (diastolic) thrill]
•心浊音界[the border of cardiac dullnes]
•心绝对（相对）浊音界扩大（缩小）[enlarged (diminished) absolute (relative) cardiac dullness]
•叩诊心脏大小正常[heart size is normal on (to) percussion]
•心脏向左（右）扩大[cardiac dilation (enlargement) to the left (right)]
•第1（2、3、4）心音[S1(S2,S3,S4)]
•第1心音增强（减弱，听不清）[first heart sound is exaggerate (decreased, muffled)]
•生（病）理性杂音（分裂）[physiologic (pathological) murmur (splitting)]
•生理性（固定、反常、逆）分裂[physiologic (fixed, paradoxical, reversed) splitting]
•肺动脉瓣第2心音>(=，<主动脉瓣第2心音[P2>(=，<A2]
•大炮音[connon sound]
•心音消失[heart sound is absent (disapeared)]
•心音增强（减弱）[accentuated (diminished) cardiac sound]
•心音响亮（遥远）[cardiac sound is loud (distant)]
•收缩期（舒张期，连续性）杂音[systolic (diastolic, continuous) murmur]
•收缩（舒张）前（中、晚）期杂音[pre-(mid-, post) systolic (diastolic) murmur]
•全收缩期的[holosystolic(pansystolic)]
•全舒张期的[holodiastolic (pandiastolic)]
•低（高）音调[low (high) pitched]
•递减（递增，递减-递增）性杂音[decrescendo (crescendo, decrescendo-crescendo)murmur]
•呈喷射型[be ejection in type]
•Ⅳ级喷射型收缩期杂音[grade Ⅳ(I-Ⅳ/6) systolic ejection murmur]
•吹风样杂音[murmur of puffing character]
•低音调隆隆样[low-pitched rumbling quality]
•柔和（粗糙）的[soft (harsh or rough)]
•吹风样（喷射性、隆隆样、沙沙声样、搔抓声样、机器声样、汽笛声样、倒水声样）杂音[blowing (ejection, rumbling, rustting, scratching, machinary, whistling, pouring )murmur]
•功能性（器质性）杂音[functional (organic) murmur]
•血管（静脉）杂音[vascular (venous) murmur]
•枪击音[pistol shot sound]
•静脉营营音[venous hum]
•奔马律[gallop rhythm]
•胎心律[embryocardia]
•心律齐（不齐）[regular (irregular) rhythm]
•心律不齐[arrhythmia]
•二（三）联律[bigeminy (trigeminy)]
•早搏[premature (extrasystol)]
•喀嗽音[click]
•钟摆律[pendular rhythm]
•二尖瓣开瓣音[mitral opening snap]
•心包摩擦音[pericardial friction sound]
•听诊[on auscultation]
•二尖瓣（主瓣，肺瓣，三尖瓣）听诊区[mitral (aortic, pulmonary, tricuspid) valve area]
•心包叩击音[pericardial knock]
•肿瘤扑落音[tumor plop]
5、腹部[abdomen]
•腹（妊娠）纹[abdominal striae (striae gravidarum)]
•腹膨隆[abdominal distention (prominence)]
•腹平坦（凹陷）[abdominal flatness (retraction)]
•蛙状（球状、舟状）腹[frog(bulbous, scaphoid) belly (abdomen)]
•腹围增大[increased abdominal girth]
•肠型[intestinal pattern]
•梯形腹[ladder-shaped abdomen]
•胃（小肠）蠕动波[gastric (intestinal) peristaltic wave]
•静脉曲张[varicosity (dilated tortuous vein)]
•疤痕[scar]
•腹壁紧张（松驰）[guarding (abdominal muscular relaxation)]
•腹壁切口（创伤）[incision (wound) of abdominal wall]
•腹部分区[abdominal region]
•左（右）上（下）腹[left (right) upper (lower) quadrant]
•脐膨出[projection of the umbilicus]
•腹式呼吸[abdominal (diaphragmatic) breathing]
•腹壁松弛[lax abdominal wall]
•肝肿大[hepatomegaly (enlargement of the liver)]
•脾肿大[splenomegaly (enlargement of the spleen)]
•右肋下5厘米[5 cm below the right costal margin]
•肿块（肝）质硬[firm mass (liver)]
•莫菲氏征[murphy`s sigh]
•肌卫现象[muscle guarding (tension)]
•反跳痛[rebound tenderness]
•压痛点[tenderness point]
•剑突下压痛[tenderness beneath the xiphoid process]
•麦氏点压痛[McBurney`s point tenderness]
•腹肌强直（板状腹，板样强直）[rigor of abdominal muscle (wooden belly, board-like rigidity)]
•柔韧感[dough kneeding sensation]
•波动感[fluctuation]
•腹股沟疝[inguinofemoral hernia]
•腹壁反射[abdominal reflex]
•腹水征[sign of ascites]
•膀胱肿大[bladder expansion]
•膀胱区（脊肋角）压痛[tenderness of bladder region (costovertebral angle)]
•肾（肝）区叩击病[percussion tenderness on kidney (liver) region]
•移动性浊音[shifting dullness]
•鼓音[tympany(tampanitic resonance)]
•肝（脾）浊音区[hepatic (splenic)dullness area]
•肠鸣音正常（亢进、减弱、消失）[normal (hyperactive, diminished, absent) bowel sound]
•气过水声[gurgling]
•振水声[succusion (splashing) sound]

（神经、骨骼和肌肉）
痛（空间、触、视、震动、实体、立体、姿势、光、运动、味、温、色、平衡）[pain (space, tactil, visual, vibratory, strereognostic, proprioceptive, posture, light, kinesthetic, taste, thermic, color, equilibrium) sense]
•关节觉[arthresthesia]
•震动觉[seismesthesia]
•复合感觉[synaesthesia]
•听（位置，嗅）觉[sense of hearing (position, smell)]
•感觉异常（缺失，过敏，减退）[abnormal sensation (anesthesia, hyperesthesia, hypoesthesia)]
•半身感觉缺失[hemisensory defect]
•感觉迟钝（错乱）[dysesthesia (paresthesia)]
•感觉障碍（异常）[sensory disturbance (paraesthesia)]
•感觉正常[intact sensation (euesthesia)]
•痛觉过敏（减退）[hyperalgia (hypoalgia)]
•痛觉缺失[alganesthesia (analgesia)]
•嗅觉迟钝（减退，过敏）[amblyaphia (hypopselaphesia, hyperpselaphesia)]
•束带状感觉[girdle sensation]
•蚁走感[formication (creeping sensation)]
•瘫痪（偏瘫、单瘫、截瘫、四肢瘫）[paralysis (hemiplegia, monoplegia, 碍paraplegia, quadriplegia)]
•软（硬）瘫[soft (stiff) paralysis]
•周围（中枢）性瘫[peripheral (central) paralysis]
•轻瘫[paresis]
•交叉性（同向性）瘫[alternate (cojugate) paralysis]
•交叉瘫[crossed paralysis]
•痉挛性（弛缓性、癔病性、小儿）瘫（麻痹）[spastic (flaccid, hysterial, infantile) paralysis]
•重症肌无力[bulbospinal paralysis]
•扑翼样震颤[asterixis]
•手足搐搦[tetany]
•共济失调[ataxia]
•手足徐动症[athetosis]
•舞蹈样运动[choreiform movement (chorea)]
•肌颤[muscular fibrillation]
•肌阵挛[myoclonus]
•震颤麻痹[paralysis agitans (shaking palsy,Parkison`s disease)]
•颤动[tremor (twitch)]
•随意运动[voluntary movement]
•肌力正常（减退）[muscular power (myodynamia, myosthemic) is normal (decreased)]
•肌力消失[loss of power]
•左上肢肌力III度[3 degree in the left upper extrimity]
•肌无力[weakness of the muscle (amyosthenia, myasthenia)]
•肌张力减低[hypomyotonia (decreased muscular tone)]
• 痉挛性（强直性）肌张力增高[spastic (tonic) hypermyotonia (hypertonia of the muscle, increased muscular tone)]
•肌弛缓（肌张力缺失）[amyotonia]
•折刀现象[clasp knife]
•齿轮样强直[cogwheel rigidity]
•肌阵挛（痉挛）[muscular clonus (spasm)]
•摇摆（蹒跚、剪刀形、鸭走形、酒醉小脑病、摇曳、慌张）步态[swaying (reeling, scissors, waddling, drunken, cerebella, cow, festinating)gait]
•共济失调（共济运动，共济失调步态）[incoordination (coordinated movement, afaxic gait)]
•跛行步态（间歇性跛行）[claudication gait (intermittent claudication)]
•闭目难立试验（阳性，阴性）[Romberg`s sign (positive, negative)]
•摸空征[carphology]
•指鼻（指-指）试验[finger-nose(finger) test]
•轮替动作[alternate motion]
•跟膝胫试验[heel-knee-tibia test]
•生理（病理）反射[physiologic (pathologic) reflex]
•角膜（张口，结膜，咽，腭，眼睑，咳嗽，吞咽，对光，瞳孔）反射[corneal (gag, conjunctival, pharyngeal, palatal, lid, cough, deglutition, light, pupillary) reflex]
•腹壁反射[abdominal wall reflex]
•提睾（肛门）反射[cremasteric (anal) reflex]
•肱二（三）头肌反射[biceps (triceps) reflex]
•股二（四）头肌反射[biceps (quadricels) femories reflex]
•三角肌（伸肌）反射[deltoid (extensor) feflex]
•抓握（牵拉，吸吮，防御，条件）反射[grasp (stretch, sucking,protective, conditioned) reflex]
•跖（骨膜）反射[plantar (periosteal) reflex]
•跟腱反射[heel-tap (achilles tendon) reflex]
•拥抱反射[clasping (embrace, Moro`s) reflex]
•深（浅）反射[deep (superficial) reflex]
•压眶反射[reaction to pressure on the supraocular notch]
•桡骨膜反射[radioperiosteal reflex]
•膝（跟腱）反射[knee (achilles) jerk]
•反射活动协调[coordination of reflex action (activity)]
•反射亢进（减弱，消失）[hyperreflexia (hyporeflexia, areflexia)]
•亢进的[hypractive (increased, exaggerated)]
•减弱的[hypoactive (decreased, diminished)]
•消失的[absent (disappeared)]
•可疑的[questionable (equivocal)]
•跟（髌，趾，腕）阵挛[ankle (patella, toe, wrist) clonus]
•巴彬斯基（克尼格，奥本海姻，霍夫曼）征[Babinski (Kernig, Oppenheim, Hoffman) sign]
•拉塞格（布鲁金，戈登，查多克，岗达）征[Lasegue (Brudzinski, Gordon, Chaddock, Bonoda) sign]
•眼-心（竖毛）反射[oculo-cardiac (pilomotor) reflex]
•皮肤划痕征[dermographism]
•脑膜刺激征[sign of meningeal irritation]
•颈强直[stiff-neck]
•阳性（阴性）[postive (negative)]
•未引出[be not found (discovered, elicited)]
•失语（声）[aphasia (aphony)]
•言语缓慢（不清）[bradylalia (barylalia)]
•口吃（声嘶）[stuttering (hoarseness)]
•外展（内收）[abduction (adduction)]
•脊柱后（前，侧，前侧，后侧）凸[kyphosis (lordosis, scoliosis, lordoscoliosis, scoliokyphosis)]
•屈曲（前曲，背曲，腹侧屈曲）[flexion (anteflexion, dorsiflexion, ventriflexion)]
•旋转（旋前，旋后）[rotation (pronation, supination)]
•伸直（前弯，后弯，侧弯）[extension (forward bending, backward bending, lateral bending)]
•膝内（外）翻[genua varum (valgum)]
•髋内（外）翻[coxa vara (valga)]
•足内（外）翻[pes varus (valgus)]
•X（O）形腿[deformed X(O)-shaped leg]
•驼背[humpback (kyphosis, rachiocyphosis)]
•多（并）指[polydactylia (syndactyly)]
•关节僵硬[ankylosis (stiff-joint)]
•骨性强直[bony ankylosis]
•爪（扇）形手[claw (sector) hand]
•肢端肥大[acromegaly]
•杵状指[clubbing (clubbed finger)]
•跛行[limping]
•平足[flat foot (pes planus)]
•静脉曲张[varicose vein]
•静脉（蜂窝织）炎[phlebitis (cellulitis)]
•活动受限[limitation of motion]
•干（湿）性坏疽[dry (moist) gangrene]
•垂腕[wrist drop]
•梭形关节[fusiform articulus]
•浮髌现象[floating patella phenomenon]
•橡皮肿[elephantedema]
•肌萎缩[muscle atrophy]
•瘘管形成[sinus tract formation]
•蹼指（趾）[palmature and webbed toe]
•关节挛缩[contracture of joint]
•凹陷（非凹陷）性水肿[pitting (non-pitting) edema]
•关节变形（融合）[joint deformity (fusion)]
•关节全（半）脱位[complete dislocation (subluxation of joint)]
•关节肿大（肿胀）[arthrocele (arthroncus)]
•关节活动障碍[articular dyskinesia]

（泌尿生殖道与其他）
•包皮过长（包茎）[prepuce redundant (phimosis)]
•包皮水肿[preputial edema]
•包皮嵌顿[paraphimosis]
•阴茎糜烂（疤疹，损伤，折断，溃疡，血肿）[erosion (herpes, injury, fracture, ulcer, hematoma) of penis]
•阴茎粗大（特小，缺如）[coarseness (hypersmall, absence) of penis]
•阴茎发育不全[agenesis of penis]
•阴茎软下疳（菜花样肿块）[chancroid (cauliflower like mass) of penis]
•阴茎异常勃起[styma]
•阴囊湿疹（水肿，血肿，肿大，橡皮肿，溃疡）[eczema (edema, hematoma, swelling, elephantiasis, ulcer) of scrotum]
•阴囊疝[scrotal hernia]
•腹股沟斜疝[indirect inguinal hernia]
•阴囊空虚（静脉曲张，肿块）[scrotal empty(varices, mass)]
•睾丸不发育（发育不全）[agenesis (dysgenesis) of testis]
•睾丸挫伤（损伤）[contusion (injury) of testis]
•睾丸畸形[teratism of testis]
•睾丸萎缩（缺如，肿大）[atrophy (absence, swelling) of testis]
•睾丸过小[microtestis]
•睾丸未降[undescended testicle]
•隐睾[cryptorchid]
•睾丸异位[parorchidium]
•睾丸扭转[torsion of testis]
•睾丸血肿[hematoma of testis]
•睾丸鞘膜积液[hydrocele]
•腹股沟的[inguinal]
•尿道口[orifice of urethra]
•尿道下裂 [hypospadius]
•尿道出血[urethremorrhage]
•尿道脓性分泌物[purulent secretion of urethra]
•索状结构[cord structure]
•精索静脉曲张[varicocele]
•透光试验[transillumination test]
•双（三）合诊[bimanual (trimanual) examination]
•阴道指诊[vaginal touch]
•外阴白斑干燥(橡皮肿，囊肿)[vulval leukoplakia(xerosis, elephantiasis, cyst)]
•外阴溃疡（下疳，创伤，过度角化，瘙痒，湿疹，血肿）[ulcer(chancre, trauma, hyperkeratosis, pruritus, eczema, hematoma ) of vulva]
•外阴会阴破裂[vulvoperineal rupture]
•幼稚型[infantile typer]
•已婚外阴[marital outlet]
•处女膜完整[intact hymen]
•恶露[lochia]
•白带[leucorrhea]
•水样（血性，脓性）阴道分泌物[watery (bloody, purulent) vaginal discharge]
•宫颈涂片（活检）[cervical smear (biopsy)]
•宫颈触痛[cervical tenderness]
•子宫后位（侧位，下垂）[retroposition (latero-location, ptosis) of uterus]
•子宫发育不良[hypoplasia of uterus]
•未产（多产）式子宫（子宫颈）[nulliparous (multipara) uterus (cervix)]
•宫颈糜烂[erosion of cervix]
•宫颈刮片[cervical scraping smear]
•宫颈肥大（白斑，裂伤，难产）[cervical hypertrophy (leukoplakia, laceration, dystocia)]
•宫颈扩张[dilatation of cervix]
•宫颈息肉[cervical polyp]
•宫颈视诊[cervical inspection]
•前（后）倾位[in anteversion (retroversion) position]
•前（后）屈[anteflexion (retroflexion)]
•萎缩（肥厚）[atrophy (hypertrophy)]
•处女膜闭锁[atresia of hymen(imperforate hymen)]
•处女膜裂伤[hymenal laceration]
•处女膜破裂[repture of hymen]
• 阴道狭窄（血肿、闭锁，囊肿，缺失）[stenosis (hematoma, atresia, cyst, absence) of vagina]
•阴道疤痕（裂伤、损伤、肿瘤）[vaginal scar (laceration, injury, tumor)]
•阴道出血[colporrhagia (vaginal bleeding)]
•阴道干燥（积血，破裂）[colpoxerosis(hematocolpos, colporrhexis)]
•阴道尖锐湿疣[condyloma acuminata of vagina]
•阴道镜检查[colposcopy]
•阴道疝（水肿，脱垂）[colpocele (colpedema, vaginocele)]
•阴道壁膨出[vaginal wall protruding]
•阴道积液[vaginal dropsy]
•第一（二）性征[primary (secondary) sex characteristies]
•阴蒂出血（肥大）[clitorrhagia (clitoridauxe)]
•巴氏（前庭大）腺增大[Bartholins gland enlargement]
•产前检查[antenatal care]
•骨盆测量[pelvimetry]
•出口横径[transverse outlet diameter]
•骨盆入（出）口狭窄[contracted pelvic inlet (outlet)]
•骨盆畸形（骨折，损伤）[deformity (fracture, injury) of pelvis]
•髂棘间径[IS (interspinous diameter)]
•髂嵴间径[IC (intercristal diameter)]
•粗隆间径[IT (intertrochanteric diameter)]
•骶耻外径[EC (external conjugate)]
•骶耻内径[DC (diagonal conjugate)]
•坐骨结节间径[ischial intertuberal diameter]
•头盆不相称[CPD(cephalopelvic disproportion)]
•胎心音（率，律）[fetal heart sound (rate, rhythm)]
•胎位[fetal position]
•左（右）枕前位[left (right) occipito-anterior (LOA/ROA)]
•左（右）枕横位[left (rihgt) occiput transverse (LOT/ROT)]
•左（右）枕后位[left (rihgt) occiput posterior (LOP/ROP)]
•左骶（颏，肩）前位[left sacrum (mental, acromion) anterior (LSA/LMA/LAA)]
•宫底[fundus]
•在脐与耻骨联合之间[between the symphysis pubis and the umbilicus]
•脐上[above the umbilicus]
•剑突下[below the xiphoid process]
•如妊娠6个月大小[be enlarged as a 6-mouth gestation]
•胎先露[fetal presentation]
•横产位[acromio-iliac presentation]
•头（面，足，膝，肩，臀，臂）先露[head (face, foot ,knee, shoulder, breech, arm, funis) presentation]
•脐带异常[abnormality of umbilical cord]
•脐带过长（短）[long (short) cord]
•脐带缠绕（绕颈）[cord entanglement (cord aound neck)]
•脐带水肿（打结，扭转，胱垂，缠绕）[edema (knot, torsion, prolapse, winding) of umbilical cord]
•前置胎盘[placenta previa]
•胎盘早期剥离[premature separation of placenta (placental abruption)]
•胎盘部分残留[placenta remnants]
•胎盘滞留[retention of placenta]
•胎盘粘连[placenta adherence]
•胎盘嵌顿[incarcerated placenta]
•胎头入盆[engagement of head]
•胎动[fetal movement]
•胎粪（毛、膜）[meconium (down, fetal membrane)]
•胎膜早破[premature rupture of fetal membrane]
•宫缩（乏力，无力）[uterine contraction (uterine inertia, uterine atony)]
•宫缩不良[inefficient uterine action]
•过期妊娠[prolonged pregnancy (graviditas)]
•分娩[delivery (labor, childbirth, parturition)]
•见红[bloody show]
•羊水过多（过少）[hydramnios (oligoamnios)]
•死产（宫内死亡）[stillbirth (fetal death)]
•双胞胎[twins]
•宫外孕[ectopic pregnancy]
•产道异常（损伤，裂伤）[abnormality (injury, laceration) of birth canal]
•产后出血[postpartum hemorrhage]
•窥阴器[speculum]
•穹窿[vault (fornix)]
•肛瘘[anal fistula]
•肛裂[anal fissure]
•肛门脓肿（湿疹，出血）[abscess (eczema, hemorrhage) of anus]
•肛周脓肿（感染，瘙痒）[perianal abscess (infection, pruritus)]
•肛门反射[anal reflex]
•肛门缺如[anal agenesis (anus absence)]
•肛门闭锁[imperforate anus]
•脱肛[proctoptosis]
•直肠内触痛[rectum tenderness]
•肛门和直肠内波动感[wave sense in anus and rectum]
•直肠指检[digital examination of the rectum]
•直肠闭锁[rectal atresia]
•直肠（乙状结肠）镜[proctoscopy (sigmoidoscopy)]
•直肠（多发性）息肉[(multiple) polypus recti (proctopolypus)]
•直肠后间隙脓肿[retrorectal abscess]
•直肠瘘（破裂）[rectal fistula (rupture)]
•直肠膨出[rectocele]
•直肠狭窄[rectostenosis]
•直肠阴道隔（瘘）[rectovaginal septum (fistula)]
•内（外，混合）痔[internal (external, mixed) hemorrhoids]
•括约肌张力正常[normal sphincter tone]
•肛管[anal canal]

实验室检查[Lab]
1、血液细胞学检查（examination of blood cell）
•全血细胞[complete blood cell (CBC)]
•血常规检查[blood routine examination]
•红（白）细胞计数[red (white) blood cell (RBC/WBC) count]
•网织红细胞（血小板，嗜酸粒细胞）计数[reticulocyte (platelet, eosinocyte) count]
•血红蛋白[hemoglobin (H]
•红细胞比积[hematocrit (HCT)]
•白细胞分类[WBC differential count]
•平均红细胞容积[mean corpuscular count]
•平均红细胞血红蛋白含量[mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)]
•平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度[mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)]
•皱缩（裂片，棘形，泪滴状，球形，椭圆形）红细胞[crenocyte (schistocyte, acanthocyte, cacryocyte, spherocyte, elliptocyte)]
•靶形（镰刀形）红细胞[target (sickle) cell]
•中毒颗粒[toxic granulation]
•中性粒细胞核左（右）移[neutrophil shift to the left (right)]
•血沉[erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)]
•空泡（核）变性[vacuolation (degeneration of nucleus)]
•卡搏环[Cabot`s ring]
•染色质小体[Howell-Jolly body]
•嗜碱性粒细胞[basophilic granulocyte]
•单核（淋巴）细胞[monocyte (lymphocyte)]
•中性分叶（杆状）核粒细胞[neutrophilic segmented (stab) granulocyte]
2、骨髓细胞学检查[examination of marrow cell]
•myeloblast[原粒细胞]
•promyelocyte[早幼粒细胞]
•myelocyte[中幼粒细胞]
•metamyelocyte[晚幼粒细胞]
•band granulocyte[杆状核粒细胞]
•polymorphonuclears[多形核粒细胞]
•neutrophil granulocyte[中性粒细胞]
•basophil granulocyte[嗜碱性粒细胞]
•eosinophil granulocyte[嗜酸性粒细胞]
•pronormoblast[原红细胞]
•basophilic pronormoblast[早幼红细胞]
•polychromatophilic normoblast[中幼红细胞]
•orthochromatic normoblast[晚幼红细胞]
•lymphoblast[原淋巴细胞]
•prolymphocyte[幼淋巴细胞]
•lymphocyte[淋巴细胞]
•monoblast[原单核细胞]
•promonocyte[幼单核细胞]
•monocyte[单核细胞]
•plasmablast[原浆细胞]
•proplasmacyte[幼浆细胞]
•plasmacyte[浆细胞]
•megakaryoblast[原巨核细胞]
•promegakaryocyte[幼巨核细胞]
•granular megakaryocyte[颗粒巨核细胞]
•platelet-producing megakaryocyte[产血小板巨核细胞]
•iron staining of bone marrow smear[骨髓铁染色]
•peroxidase staining megakaryocyte[产血小板巨核细胞]
•iron staining of bone marrow smear[骨髓铁染色]
•peroxidase staining(POX)[过氧化酶染色]
•Sudan black staining(S[苏丹黑染色]
•alkaline phosphatase staining(ALP)[碱性磷酸酶染色]
•acid phosphatase staining(ACP)[酸性磷酸酶染色]
•nonspecific esterase(NSE)[非特异性酯酶]
•heated normal saline test[热盐水溶解试验]
•ink phagocytosis test[墨汁吞噬试验]
•lysozyme staining[溶菌酶染色]
3、贫血的检查[examination of anemia]
•serum iron assay[血清铁测定]
•total iron binding capacity assay[总铁结合力测定]
•serum ferritin assay[血清铁蛋白测定]
•serum transferrin assay[血清转铁蛋白测定]
•vitamin B12 assay[维生素B12测定]
•folic acid assay[叶酸测定]
•osmotic fragility test of erythrocytes[红细胞渗透脆性试验]
•biochemical assay of pyruvate kinase[丙酮酸激酶的生化测定]
•methemoglobin reduction test[高铁血红蛋白还原试验]
•brilliant cresyl blue reduction test[煌焦油蓝还原试验]
•reduced glutathione assay(GSH)[还原型谷胱甘肽测定]
•glutathione stability test[谷胱甘肽稳定试验]
•Heinz bodies staining[变性珠蛋白小体染色]
•heat instability test[热不稳定试验]
•isopropanol stability test[异丙醇试验]
•RBC sickling test[红细胞镰变试验]
•hemoglobin C test[血红蛋白C试验]
•Hb absorption spectrum determination[血红蛋白吸收光谱测定]
•hemoglobin electrophoresis[血红蛋白电泳]
•anti human globulin test (Coombs test)[抗人球蛋白试验]
•cold agglutinin assay[冷凝集素测定]
•cold hemolytic test (Donath-Landsteiner test)[冷溶血试验]
•heat hemolysis test[热溶血试验]
•measurement of free Hb levels in plasma[血浆游离血红蛋白测定]
•urinary hemosiderin determination (Rous test)[尿含铁血黄素检查]
4、出血和凝血的检查[examination of hemostasis and coagulation]
•platelet count[血小板计数]
•bleeding time (BT)[出血时间]
•capillary fragility test[毛细血管脆性试验]
•examination of capillary in nail fold with microscopy[甲床毛细血管镜检查]
•assay of malondaldehyde for determination of platelet life-span[丙二醛法测定血小板寿命]
•platelet adhesiveness test(PAdT)[血小板粘附性试验]
•platelet aggregation test (PagT)[血小板聚集性试验]
•platelet factor assay[血小板因子测定]
•β-thromboglobulin (β-TG)assay[β-血小板球蛋白测定]
•thromboxane A2(TXA2)assay[血小板血栓烷A2测定]
•clot retraction quantitative assay[血块收缩定量测定]
•coagulation time (CT)[凝血时间]
•factor Ⅷ coagulant activity [因子Ⅷ凝血活性测定]
•prothrombin time(PT)[ 凝血酶原时间]
•recalcification time (RT)[复钙时间]
•activated coagulation time(ACT)[活化的凝血时间]
•kaolin partial thromboplastin time (KPTT)[白陶土部分凝血活酶时间]
•stypven time(ST)[蛇毒时间测定]
•fibrin peptide A (FPA)[纤维蛋白肽]
•fibrin plate test[纤维蛋白平板溶解试验]
•plasma plasminogen assay[血浆纤溶酶原测定]
•thrombin time (TT)[凝血酶时间]
•paracoagulation test[副凝试验]
•staphylococcal clumping test (SCT)[萄葡球菌聚集试验]
•immunological assay of fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products[纤维蛋白（原）降解产物的免疫学测定]
•D-dimer fragments assay[D-二聚体测定]
•α2-macroglobulin (α2-MG)assay[α2-巨球蛋白测定]
•antithrombin Ⅲ(AT-Ⅲ)assay[抗凝血酶Ⅲ测定]
5、肾功能检查[nephric function examintion]
•non-protein nitrogen (NPN)assay[非蛋白氮测定]
•urea nitrogen assay[尿素氮测定]
•creatinine assay(Cr)[肌酐测定]
•endogenous creatinine clearance test[内生肌酐清除试验]
•phenolsulfonphthalein excretion test (PSP)[酚红排泄试验]
•Masenthal`s test[莫氏试验]
•radionucleorenogram[放射性核素肾图]
6、肝功能检查[liver function examination]
•serum transaminase[血清转氨酶]
•glutamic pyruvic transaminase(GPT)[谷丙转氨酶]
•glutamic oxalo-acetic transaminase (GOT)[谷草转氨酶]
•serum alkaline phosphatase (S-AKP)[血清碱性磷酸酶]
•serum alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme[血清碱性磷酸酶同功酶]
•serum gamma glutamyltranspeptidase (S-r-GT)[血清r-谷氨酰转肽酶]
•serum monoamine oxidase (S-MAO)[血清单胺氧化酶]
•serum cholinesterase (S-ChE)[血清胆碱酯酶]
•serum ceruloplasmin[血清铜蓝蛋白]
•serum α1 -antitrypsin (S-α1AT)[血清α1抗胰蛋白酶]
•serum protein[血清蛋白]
•albumin[白蛋白]
•globulin[球蛋白]
•serum cholesterol esters[血清胆固醇酯]
•blood ammonia[血氨]
•serum bilirubin[血清胆红素]
•serum bile acid[血清胆汁酸]
7、其他[the others]
•lunch test[试餐试验]
•serum amylase[血清淀粉酶]
•uric amylase[尿淀粉酶]
•serum lipase[血清脂肪酶]
•serum methemalbumin[血清高铁血白蛋白]
•serum total cholesterol(CHOL)[血清总胆固醇]
•serum triglyceride(TG)[血清甘油三酯]
•serum high density lipoprotein(HDL)[血清高密度脂蛋白]
•serum low density lipoprotein (LDL)[血清低密度脂蛋白]
•serum free fatty acids(FFA)[血清游离脂肪酸]
•serum creatin phosphokinase (S-CPK)[血清肌酸磷酸激酶]
•serum CPK isoenzymes[血清肌酸磷酸激酶同功酶]
•serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase(S-GOT)[血清谷草转氨酶]
•serum lactate dehydrogenase(S-LDH)[血清乳酸脱氢酶]
•serum LDH isoenzymes[血清乳酸脱氢酶同功酶]
•serum potassium [血清钾]
•血清钠[serum sodium]
•serum chloride[血清氯]
•serum calcium[血清钙]
•inorganic phosphorum[无机磷]
•serum magnesium[血清镁]
•examination of malarial parasite from blood (bone marrow)smear[血（骨髓）涂片找原虫]
•filaria examination from blood[血中找丝虫]
•vitamin A assay[维生素A测定]
•vitamin B1 assay[维生素B1测定]
•vitamin B2assay[维生素B2测定]
•Nicotinic acid assay[烟酸测定]
•vitamin B6 assay[维生素B6]
•vitamin B12 assay[维生素B12]
•vitamin C assay[维生素C测定]
•vitamin E assay[维生素E测定]
•blood grouping [血型鉴定]
•cross matching[交叉配合]
•transfusion[输血]
•A blood group[A血型]
•B blood group[B血型]
•AB blood group[AB血型]
•O blood group[O血型]
•Rh blood group[Rh 血型]
8、内分泌试验[endocrine test]
•luteinizing hormone(LH)[黄体生成素]
•thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)[促甲状腺激素]
•growth hormone(GH)[生长激素]
•prolactin[催乳素]
•adrenocorticotropic hormone(ACTH)[促肾上腺皮质激素]
•follicular stimulating hormone(FSH)[卵泡剌激素]
•serum protein-bound iodine assay(PBI)[血清蛋白结合碘测定]
•total 3,5,3`,5`-tetraiodothyronine(TT4)[总甲状腺素]
•total 3,5,3`-triiodothyronine(TT3)[总三碘甲状腺原氨酸]
•determina-tion of free T4and free T3[游离甲状腺素和游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸测定]
•thyroxine-binding globulin as-say[甲状腺素结合球蛋白测定]
•thyroidal uptake rate of 131I[甲状腺摄131碘率]
•T3 suppression test[三碘甲状腺原氨酸抑制试验]
•thyroid scintiscan[甲状腺闪烁扫描]
•basal metabolic rate(BMR)[基础代谢率]
•parathyroid hormone assay[甲状旁腺激素测定]
•determination of calcitonin[降钙素测定]
•urine 17-ketosteroids assay(17-KS)[尿17-酮类固醇测定]
•urine 17-hydroxycorticosteroids assay(17-OHCS)[尿17-羟皮质类固醇测定]
•urine free cortisol assay[尿游离皮质醇测定]
•plasma cortisol assay[血浆皮质醇测定]
•aldosterone assay[醛固酮测定]
•corticosterone assay[皮质酮测定]
•urine pregnanetriol assay[尿孕三醇测定]
•ACTH stimulating test[促肾上腺皮质激素兴奋试验]
•dexamethasone suppression test[地塞米松抑制试验]
•urine catecholamine assay[尿儿茶酚胺测定]
•urine vanillyl mandelic acid(VMA)[尿香草基杏仁酸]
•testosterone assay[睾酮测定]
•estradiol assay[雌二醇测定]
•blood glucose assay[血糖测定]
•glucose tolerance test(GTT)[葡萄糖耐量试验]
•insulin releasing test[胰岛素释放试验]
•serum C-peptide assay[血清C肽测定]
•glucagon assay[胰升血糖素测定]
•glycosylated hemoglobin assay[糖化血红蛋白测定]
•plasma renin activity assay[血浆肾素活性测定]
•5-hydroxytryptamine assay[5-羟色胺测定]
•cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)[环磷酸腺苷测定]
•cyclic guanosine monophosphate(cGMP)[环磷酸鸟苷测定]
•prostaglandin assay(PG)[前列腺素测定]
9、免疫学检查[immunological examination]
•HbsAg[乙型肝炎表面抗原]
•HbeAg[乙型肝炎e抗原]
•anti-HBs[乙型肝炎表面抗体]
•anti-HBc[乙型肝炎核心抗体]
•anti-Hbe[乙型肝炎e抗体]
•heterophil agglutination test[嗜异性凝集试验]
•EB virus capsid antigen-lgA(VCA-lgA)[EB病毒壳抗原igA抗体]
•immunofluorescent anti-body test for epidemic hemorrhagic fever[流行性出血热免疫荧火抗体试验]
•Weil-Felix reaction[外裴氏反应]
•complement fixation test for Q fever[Q热补体结合试验]
•cold agglutination test[冷凝集试验]
•widal`s reaction[肥达氏反应]
•Brucella agglutination test[布氏杆菌凝集试验]
•antistreptolysin-O(ASO)[抗链球菌溶血素“O”]
•serological test for syphilis[梅毒血清学试验]
•Wassermann reaction[华氏反应]
•[康氏试验Kahn test]
•agglutination hemolysis test for leptospirosis[钩端螺旋体病血清凝集溶解试验]
•intradermal test for schistosomiasis[血吸虫病皮内试验]
•circumoval precipitin test for schistosomiasis[血吸虫病环卵沉淀试验]
•cercarien hullen reaction for schistosomiasis[血吸虫病尾蚴膜反应]
•indirect hemagglutination test for schistosomiasis[血吸虫病间接血凝试验]
•enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for schistosomiasis[血吸虫病酶联免疫吸附试验]
•intradermal test for paragonimiasis[肺吸虫病皮内试验]
•casoni`s intradermal test[包虫病皮内试验]
•serum C-reactive protein(CRP)[血清C反应蛋白]
•α-fetoprotein(AFP)[甲种胎儿蛋白]
•carcinoembryonic antigen(CEA)[癌胚抗原]
•E-rosette formation test[E花环形成试验]
•lymphocyte transformation test(LTT)[淋巴细胞转化试验]
•macrophage migration inhibition test(MMIT)[巨噬细胞移动抑制试验]
•EAC-rosette formation test[EAC花环形成试验]
•netroblue tetrazalium (NBT) reduction test[硝基蓝四氮唑还原试验]
•determination of macrophage phagocytic function[巨噬细胞吞噬功能测定]
•mixed lymphocytes culture test (LCT)[混合淋巴细胞培养试验]
•serum immunoglobulin assay(Ig)[血清免球蛋白测定]
•lg G[免疫球蛋白G]
•lg A[免疫球蛋白A]
•Ig M[免疫球蛋白M]
•Ig D[免疫球蛋白D]
•Ig E[免疫球蛋白E]
•cryoglobulin test[冷球蛋白试验]
•complement assay[补体测定]
•circulating immune complex assay (CIC)[循环免疫复合物测定]
•antinuclear antibodies assay(ANA)[抗核抗体测定]
•anti-double-stranded DNA anti-body[抗双链DNA抗体测定]
•examination of lupus erythematosis cell(LE cell)[红斑狼疮细胞检查]
•rheumatoid factors assay(RF)[类风湿因子测定]
•antismooth muscle antibodies assay(SMA)[抗平滑肌抗体]
•antimitochondrial antibodies(AMA)[抗线粒体抗体]
•anti-parietal cell antibody(PCA)[抗胃壁细胞抗体]
•anti-myocardial antibody[抗心肌抗体]
•antithyroid antibodies[抗甲状腺抗体]
10、血气分析[blood gas assay]
•blood PH[血PH]
•partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO2)[二氧化碳分压]
•carbon dioxide combining power(CO2CP)[二氧化碳结合力]
•standard bicarbonate(S[标准碳酸氢盐]
•actual bicarbonate(A[实际碳酸氢盐]
•buffer base(B[缓冲碱]
•base excess(BE)[剩余碱]
•total carbon dioxide(T CO2)[二氧化碳总量]
•oxygen content(O2-C)[氧含量]
•partial pressure of oxygen(PO2)[氧分压]
•oxygen saturation(O2sat or SaO2)[血氧饱和度]
11、大便检查[stool examination]
(1)exterior[外观]
•formed[成形的]
•dry[干的]
•soft[软的]
•loose[稀的]
•watery[水样的]
•liquid[液状]
•sheep-dung[羊粪状]
•yellow[黄的]
•black[黑的]
•acholic[无胆色的]
•tarry[柏油样]
•bloody[血性]
•fatty[脂肪性]
•rice water[米汤样]
•mucous[粘液性]
•mucopurulent[粘液脓性]
•undigested[不消化的]
（2）镜检[microscopy]
•RBC[红细胞]
•WBC[白细胞]
•pus cell[脓细胞]
•phagocyte[吞噬细胞]
•ova count[虫卵计数]
•hatching test[卵化试验]
•concentration of ovae[集卵试验]
•ova of roundworm[蛔虫卵]
•ova of hookworm[钩虫卵]
•ova of pinworm[蛲虫卵]
•ova of whipworm[鞭虫卵]
•ova of schistosoma[血吸虫卵]
•ova of clonorchis sinensis[华支睾吸虫卵]
•ova of fasciolopsis[姜片虫卵]
•ova of tapeworm[绦虫卵]
•trichominad[滴虫]
•trophozoites and cysts of entamoeba hestolytica[溶组织内阿米巴滋养体及包囊]
•Endameba coli[结肠阿米巴]
•trophozoites and cysts of Giardia lamblia[蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫滋养体及包囊]
•Charcot-Leyden`s crystals[夏科—雷登氏结晶]
(3)化学检查[chemical examination]
•occult blood test(OBT)[隐血试验]
•coproporphyrins[粪卟啉]
•fecal urobilin qualitative test[粪胆素定性试验]
12、小便检查[urine examination]
(1)colour[颜色]
•light yellow[淡黄]
•milky[乳白]
•bloody[血性]
•red[红色]
•thick tea in color[浓茶状]
(2)transparency[透明度]
•clear[清晰]
•cloudy[混浊]
(3)smell[气味]
•ammoniacal smell[氨味]
•apple smell[苹果味]
•putrid smell[腐臭味]
(4)acid or alkaline[酸碱性]
•acid[酸性]
•alkaline[碱性]
•H urinary [尿PH]
(5)microscopy[镜检]
•high power lens(HP)[高倍镜]
•low power lens(LP)[低倍镜]
•RBC[红细胞]
•WBC[白细胞]
•pus cell[脓细胞]
•epithelial cell[上皮细胞]]
•small round epithelial cell[小圆上皮细胞]
•renal tubular epithelial cell[肾小管上皮细胞]
•transitional epithelial cell[移行上皮细胞]
•squamous epithelial cell[鳞状上皮细胞]
•atypical cell[非典型细胞]
•RBC:1-2 per high power field(=RBC 1-2/HP) [每高倍视野有1-2个红细胞]
•cellular cast[细胞管型]
•RBC cast[红细胞管型]
•WBC cast[白细胞管型]
•pus cast[脓细胞管型]
•epithelial cast[上皮管型]
•fatty cast[脂肪管型]
•granular cast[颗粒管型]
•hyaling cast[透明管型]
•tube cast[肾小管型]
•urate cast[尿酸盐管型]
•waxy cast[蜡样管型]
•calcium oxalate crystal[草酸钙结晶]
•phospheate crystal[磷酸盐结晶]
•urate crystal[尿酸盐结晶]
•sulphanilamide crystal[磺胺结晶]
•bilirubin crystal[胆红素结晶]
•cholesterol crystal[胆固醇结晶]
•mucous threads[粘丝]
•spermatozoa[精子]
•trichomonas parasite[滴虫]
化学成分[chemical composition]
•protein[蛋白质]
•albumin[白蛋白]
•Bence-Jone protein[本周氏蛋白]
•sugar[糖]
•ketobodies[酮体]
•acetone[丙酮]
•urobilinogen[尿胆原]
•occult blood test(OBT)[隐血试验]
•hemoglobin[血红蛋白]
•myoglobin[肌红蛋白]
•qualitative analysis of chyle[乳糜定性]
•amylase[淀粉酶]
(7)尿电解质测定[lytes]
•potassium assay[钾测定]
•sodium assay[钠侧定]
•chloride assay[氯测定]
•calcium assay[钙测定]
•magnesium assay[镁测定]
•inorganic phosphorus assay[无机磷测定]
尿其他检查[the others]
•pregnance test[妊娠试验]
•recovery of parasite from urine[尿中找寄生虫]
•recovery of bacteria from urinary sediment[尿沉渣涂片找细菌]
•recovery of mycobacterium from urinary smear[尿涂片找抗酸杆菌]
•urinary three cups test[尿三杯试验]
•antibody coated bacteria[抗体包裹细菌]
•urinary lead assay[尿铅测定]
•Congo red test[刚果红试验]
•urinary protein electrophoresis[尿蛋白电泳]
•urinary protein disc electrophoresis[尿蛋白圆盘电泳]
•urinary fibrin (fibrinogen) degradation product(FDP)[尿纤维蛋白（原）降解产物]
•urinary complement 3(C3)[尿补体3]
•osmotic pressure assay[渗透压测定]
•bacterial count of urine[尿菌落计数]
13、脑脊液检查[CSF examination]
•pressure[压力]
•stookey test[压腹试验]
•clear[清晰]
•cloudy[混浊]
•pellicle formation[薄膜形成]
•bloody[血性]
•yellow[黄色]
•pink[粉红色]
•purulent[脓性]
•cell count[细胞计数]
•andy`s test[潘氏试验]
•protein electrophoresis[蛋白电泳]
•immunoglobulin assay[免疫球蛋白测定]
•glucose[葡萄糖]
•chloride[氯化物]
•LDH[乳酸脱氢酶]
•bacteria[细菌]
14、浆膜腔液检查[fluid examination]
•exfoliative cyte[脱落细胞]
•appearance[外观]
•specific gravity[比重]
•cell count[细胞计数]
•Rivalta test[李瓦他试验]
•protein[蛋白质]
•glucose[葡萄糖]
•LDH[乳酸脱氢酶]
•bacteria[细菌]
15、消化液检查[GI fluid examination]
•basal gastric quantity[基础胃液量]
•basal acid output(BAO)[基础排酸量]
•maximal acid output(MAO)[最大排酸量]
•total acidity[总酸度]
•free acid[游离酸]
•cell[细胞]
•bacteria[细菌]
•occult blood test[隐血试验]
•quantity[量]
•colour[颜色]
•transparancy[透明度]
•cell[细胞]
•crystal[结晶]
•ova[虫卵]
16、痰检查[sputum examination]
•sputum quantity[痰量]
•colour[颜色]
•viscosity[粘稠度]
•smell[气味]
•WBC[白细胞]
•RBC[红细胞]
•cancer cell[肿瘤细胞]
•lipophages[噬脂细胞]
•Charcot-Leyden`s crystal[夏科-雷登氏结晶]
•sputum smear[痰涂片]
17、精液和前列腺液检查[examination of seminal and prostate fluid]
•seminal fluid quantity[精液量]
•sperm count[精子计数]
•sperm morphology[精子形态]
•sperm motility[精子活动度]
•pH[酸碱度]
•lecithin body[卵磷脂小体]
•granular cell of prostate[前列腺颗粒细胞]
•cancer cell[癌细胞]
•bacteria[细菌]
18、细菌培养[culture]
•bacterial culture of blood[血培养]
•bacterial culture of stool[粪培养]
•urine culture[尿培养]
•bacterial culture of CSF[脑脊液培养]
•bacterial culture of sputum[痰液培养]
•swabs culture of pharynx and tonsil[咽喉及扁桃体拭子培养]
•swabs culture of nose[鼻拭子培养]
•swabs culture of ear[耳拭子培养]
•swabs culture of eye[眼部拭子培养]
•bacterial culture of gastric juice[胃液细菌培养]
•bacterial culture of bile[胆汁细菌培养]
•bacterial culture of pyogenic fluids[脓液培养]
•anaerobic bacteria culture[厌氧菌培养]
•spirochetes examination[螺旋体检查]
•fungi examination[真菌检查]